[10] In February 2016, Tauson debuted on the ITF Junior Circuit, the premier level for worldwide competition among U18 tennis players.

[16] At the European Youth Olympic Festival in July, she won the tennis tournament as the top seed.

[17][18] In September she made her Grand Slam debut at the junior competition of US Open but did not make it to the main draw.

25, Jennifer Brady from the United States, in her first main-draw match before losing in the second round to Danielle Collins, another American.

[35][36] Following wins at two ITF tournaments, Tauson entered the Lyon Open as a qualifier at the end of February.

There, she won her first WTA Tour title, beating the top seed Ekaterina Alexandrova en route,[37] and fellow qualifier Viktorija Golubic in the final.

The next week, she qualified for her first WTA 500 tournament in St. Petersburg Throphy, before losing to eventual winner Daria Kasatkina in the first round.

While she was eliminated early on in the singles, she managed to reach the semifinals in doubles with her partner Aliaksandra Sasnovich from Belarus.

[46] Later that month, she was, due to cancellations, offered a ticket to the Olympic tournament in Tokyo but declined because of an injury.

[47] In the run-up to the US Open, Tauson won the Chicago Challenger, defeating Emma Raducanu in the final.

[48] At the US Open, she entered the main draw and won her first-round match against Clara Burel from France while losing her second to world No.

[49] Two weeks later, she won her second WTA title at the Luxembourg Open, beating the defending champion Jeļena Ostapenko in the final.

[51] Tauson made her Australian Open main-draw debut as a senior defeating Astra Sharma in the first round.

She then upset sixth seed Anett Kontaveit in straight sets marking her first top-ten win.

She lost the following round to eventual runner-up Danielle Collins in three close sets thereby ending her so far best Grand Slam tournament.

From February till March, Tauson played three WTA 1000 tournaments in a row: Qatar, Indian Wells and Miami Open.

Qatar marked her WTA 1000 main-draw debut when she defeated Olympic champion Belinda Bencic in the first, round before losing to third seed Paula Badosa, in straight sets.

[57] In August, she played and lost three doubles matches: In Washington with Emma Raducanu, in Cleveland with Camila Osorio, and in Flushing Meadows with Ann Li as her partner.

After being as low as 140 in the rankings in October, she returned to tournaments and top 100 in December when she reached the final in Limoges only to get a new injury, this time in the foot, which kept her out of the 2023 Australian Open.

At the French Open, as a qualifier, Tauson reached again the third round of a major defeating Aliaksandra Sasnovich and Leylah Fernandez.

The 2023 US Open was the first since 2002 in which Denmark had three singles players: Holger Rune, Clara Tauson and Caroline Wozniacki (in order of ranking).

This looked like an easy promotion for Denmark to the World Group II Play-offs, but Wozniacki got sick and withdrew after just one set against Austria.

In June, she reached fourth round at the French Open, her best major performance, and at the same time she qualified for the Olympic Games.

[68] At the US Open from August till September, Tauson won the first round against Anna Karolína Schmiedlová but lost the second to Diana Shnaider, in straight sets.

Later in September, she started the "Asian swing" with the Thailand Open, but it was a defeat to American Katie Volynets.

[69] In the WTA 1000 China Open, Tauson got a redeeming victory over Harriet Dart, but in the second round, she lost in a close three-set match to Jasmine Paolini.

[70] Tauson played the WTA 125 in Hong Kong, where she beat Martina Trevisan and Varvara Gracheva but lost the final to Australian Ajla Tomljanović, in three sets.

She is able to produce a high number of winners from her forehand and backhand side as well as overpower her opponents.