Climate-smart agriculture
This approach helps farmers to adapt their agricultural methods (for raising livestock and crops) to the effects of climate change.
"[2] and "CSA is an integrated approach to managing landscapes—cropland, livestock, forests and fisheries--that address the interlinked challenges of food security and climate change.
"[2] FAO's definition is: "CSA is an approach that helps guide actions to transform agri-food systems towards green and climate resilient practices.
"[1] CSA has the following three objectives: "sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes; adapting and building resilience to climate change; and reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions".
[1] Others describe the objectives as follows: mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change on agriculture, stabilize crop production, maximize food security.
[11] Many of the 852 million poor people in the world live in parts of Asia and Africa that depend on rainfall to cultivate food crops.
In developing countries, women have less access compared to men to productive resources, financial capital, and advisory services.
They often tend to be excluded from decision making which may impact on their adoption of technologies and practices that could help them adapt to climatic conditions.
A gender-responsive approach to CSA tries to identify and address the diverse constraints faced by men and women and recognizes their specific capabilities.
It uses nine indicators grouped into three dimensions: agricultural productivity and resource use efficiency, environmental sustainability and climate impact, and socio-economic resilience.
It employs 26 indicators spanning environmental, technological, socio-economic, and infrastructural dimensions to assess inter- and intra-zone resilience variations.
This region-specific framework supports the development of tailored strategies to address local challenges and improve agricultural adaptability to climate change.
Investigative CSA studies on pig, dairy, fruit, vegetable and grain farms have been carried out in Denmark, Germany, Spain, Netherlands and Lithuania, respectively.
[47] The CGIAR as part of the AIM4C summit in May 2023 called for a number of actions:[48] Integration of initiatives from the partner organizations, enabling innovative financing, production of radical policy and governance reform based on evidence.
And lastly, promotion of project monitoring, evaluation, and learning Several actors are involved in creating pathways towards net-zero emissions in global food systems.
[49] Four areas of focus relate to: Livestock production (beef, pork, chicken, sheep and milk) alone accounts for 60% of total global food system GHG emissions.
Until those certifications are created and met, skeptics are concerned that big businesses will just continue to use the name to greenwash their organizations—or provide a false sense of environmental stewardship.
[7] CSA can be seen as a meaningless label that is applicable to virtually anything, and this is deliberate as it is meant to conceal the social, political and environmental implications of the different technology choices.
