[3] Cnidium monnieri produces compound umbels of white five-stellate flowers from April to July.

[3] Cnidium monnieri is native to India, China, Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Vietnam, the European Russia (Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Crimea) and Europe.

is one of the most widely used traditional herbal medicines and its fruits have been used to treat a variety of diseases in China, Vietnam, and Japan.

As of this writing, 350 compounds have been isolated and identified from C. monnieri, including the main active constituent, coumarins.

In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that osthole and other coumarin compounds possess wide range of pharmacological properties effective in the treatment of disorders of the female genitalia, male impotence, frigidity, skin-related diseases, and that, in this context, they exhibit strong antipruritic, anti-allergic, antidermatophytic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-osteoporotic effects.

Although coumarins have been identified as the main active constituents responsible for the observed pharmacological effects, the molecular mechanisms of their actions are still unknown.

[7] Traditional preparations often involve combining Cnidii Fructus with other herbs to enhance its therapeutic effects.