Geographical relief is very irregular since the region is crossed by the Continental Divider of Waters, which separates the river basins of the Amazon and the Plata.

Major rivers are: Rio Verde, Oliveira Costa, Jacaré, Piqui, Taquaral, Corumbá, and Areias.

Nearby in neighboring Corumbá de Goiás there is a cavern called Gruta dos Ecos, with one of the largest subterranean lakes in South America.

Cocalzinho began in 1960 with the arrival of a cement plant, Companhia de Cimento Portland Itaú, which closed down in 1996 putting five thousand families out of work.

When highway BR-414 is paved up to Niquelândia, Cocalzinho will benefit from tourism since there will be a tourist route from the Serra da Mesa lake to the Chapada dos Veadeiros national park.