A ring made of stretchy material is stretched over the penis (and optionally also the scrotum, except when used with a pump for impotence) and situated against the body.
When used for ED, a purpose-designed vacuum pump is used to produce an erection by simple mechanical and hydrodynamical action in spite of vascular or nerve damage, and the ring is slid off the pump's cylinder onto the base of the penis to maintain the erection before it is lost.
Some models include a protruding clitoral stimulator, designed to tickle the vulva or anus during sex (and during masturbation while the ring is used on a dildo).
Some cock rings have vibrators attached that can be worn to stimulate the scrotum or perineum of a partner during sexual intercourse.
Many women find that rings with vibrator attachments provide clitoral stimulation that is needed for achieving orgasm.
Another variation is an inflatable or stackable ring design, which can limit the depth of penetration to protect the receiving partner from pain or discomfort.
[citation needed] Commercially available cock rings are made from many different materials, including leather, rubber, silicone, neoprene, nylon, metals (such as aluminium, steel, titanium, silver, gold and platinum), wood, plastic, bone, horn, ceramic, glass, and semi-precious stone.
Simple rings may lie flat on a surface, while others are ergonomically curved to fit more comfortably on the wearer.
In cross-section, the rings may vary from round to flattened oval, the latter offering more friction on the penis; these are, therefore, less likely to slip.
[3] However, there is one disadvantage: the more accessories that are added on, the greater the chance of developing discomfort or cold sensations from the device.