Such testing is used in psychology and psychometrics, as well as other fields studying human and animal intelligence.
He established an "Anthropometric Laboratory" in the 1880s where patrons paid to have physical and physiological attributes measured.
It is also essential to understand which cognitive abilities are measured by each test and sub-test.
[1] There are also free, searchable websites with compendia of tests and the constructs they measure.
Below are a small sample of some of the best-known measures of cognitive abilities and brief descriptions of their content: