Metropolitan area
A polycentric metropolitan area contains multiple urban agglomerations not connected by continuous development.
A metropolitan area is commonly known and characterized by a high concentration in service sector labor and enterprises.
UMS distinguishes the following types of urban areas, each type corresponding to a given value of β: UMS has been applied to some Canadian cases since 2018, but the data presented in this article are still based on the various existing national definitions, which are disparate.
The IBGE defines also "Immediate Geographic Areas" (formerly termed microregions) which capture the region "surrounding urban centers for the supply of immediate needs of the population".
Both are determined using data from Canada's Census of Population Program, and surrounding municipalities must demonstrate strong economic integration with the core, measured by commuting patterns.
[citation needed] The Office of Management and Budget defines a Metropolitan Statistical Area as one or more adjacent counties or county equivalents that have at least one urban area of at least 50,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of economic and social integration with the core as measured by commuting ties.
The Office of Management and Budget further defines a core-based statistical area (CBSA) to be a geographical area that consists of one or more counties (or equivalents) anchored by an urban center of at least 10,000 people plus adjacent counties that are socioeconomically tied to the urban center by commuting.
Labor markets are sometimes used as proxy measures of the functional extent of a city as it contains the majority of the commuting population.
[26] In policing jurisdiction, state governments can declare any city or town with a population exceeding one million as a metropolitan area as per the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Semarang, Medan, Makassar, Palembang are important metropolitan area in the country.
Five of these are entirely in Punjab including Lahore, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Multan; one (Islamabad-Rawalpindi is split between Punjab and the Islamabad Capital Territory; two are located in Sindh, including Karachi, the largest metropolitan area in the country, and Hyderabad; one in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Peshawar; and the final in Balochistan: Quetta.
The Philippines currently has three metropolitan areas defined by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA).
The official definition of each area does not necessarily follow the actual extent of continuous urbanization.
The urban areas at the northeast end of Dubai flow into those of Sharjah, which in turn are contiguous with those of Ajman.
The total population is about 5.9 million people as of 2023[29][30][31] The European Union's statistical agency Eurostat, in partnership with OECD, has created a concept named functional urban area (FUA).
[34] France's national statistics office, INSEE, names an urban core and its surrounding area of commuter influence an aire d'attraction d'une ville [fr] (or AAV, literally meaning "catchment area of a city"), plural: aires d'attraction des villes.
[36] The AAV replaced in 2020 the metropolitan statistical area called aire urbaine (AU).
They comprise the major German cities and their surrounding catchment areas and form the political, commercial and cultural centers of the country.
As an example, Gebze, a district in Kocaeli province and thus in the jurisdiction of the Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality, is arguably within the metro area of Istanbul with many of its residents commuting to Istanbul for work and the Marmaray, a commuter rail line, extending into the district.
The district however, as previously mentioned, is not a part of Istanbul's provincial limits, and thus not subject to the jurisdiction of its metropolitan municipality.
[39] The European Union's ESPON group has compiled a separate list of metropolitan areas which covers the UK.
