Container port design process
American ports require subsidies from the federal government in order to keep up with advances in maritime transportation as well as the capabilities of the inland freight movement.
A few federal bills which provide funding for ports are Most often, the State's Department of Transportation (DOT) is the largest state/local financier of public money investments.
American ports are often run by private entities in the sense that day-to-day functions are financed and managed with the primary goal of creating revenue.
The municipalities of the terminals are kept up by the Port Authority, but the equipment and infrastructure required for operations are under the private entities' power.
With the creation of new ports, often Public-Private Partnerships, otherwise known as 3P, are formed to bring in the upfront capital necessary for someone to take on the financial risk of operating a terminal.
Cargo determines the main function, transportation mode, and related characters required for the container port.
Underestimating the trend of size development of container ship will result in incapability and low sustainability.
The choice of location is considered with the philosophy of triple-bottom line and with considerations of waterside access, natural conditions, inter-modal connections, and stakeholders.
)[7] Stakeholder analysis is a process of systematically gathering and analyzing qualitative information to determine whose interests should be taken into account when developing and or implementing a policy or program.
Large scale development projects that have the potential for causing significant adverse environmental impacts need permits to start operation.
Pre-designated lengths of the wharf are separated into identified berths based on the design vessels characteristics.
The maintenance facilities required will include a workshop with sufficient space to work on approximately 10% of the mobile equipment and spreaders at any one time.
[5] Planned preventive maintenance and statutory inspections of equipment are normally carried out during the day shift when all specialist trades are available.
Outside of the day shift, minimal manning levels are normally retained to cover breakdowns and emergency repairs only.
For other specialist areas such as IT and electronics, it is usual to retain specialized personnel due to the specific needs of such systems and equipment.
Mechanical and electrical engineering and IT personnel will be responsible for the daily maintenance of cargo handling equipment and other aspects of the facility that require these skills and for specific IT operating systems such as the TOS.
The lay-down area is composed of multiple structural layers to support the loads brought on by the equipment and cargo.
This type of pavement contains Hydraulically Bound Materials (HBM), an ingredient used to provide higher compressive strength to the asphalt.
The World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure's (PIANC) Report 165-2015 can provide further guidance on container terminal pavements.
The office at the warehouse is mainly for detecting harmful agriculture and smuggling (drugs, dirty money).
At gates, there should be radiation-detection equipment aim at detecting dangerous weapons and radiation stuff that can be used to make dirty bombs.
Portal VACIS imaging system helps trained operators see the contents of closed containers, assisting them in intercepting weapons, contraband, and other items of interest and verifying shipping manifests.
Patented drive-through technology lets trucks drive through the system without stopping, providing an effective solution for high-traffic situations where lengthy manual inspection processes are impractical or undesirable.
Container terminals are, for the most part, directly on land, eliminating the need for berthing dolphins similar to those described in the Mooring section.
The structural elements of a fender system must be analyzed to ensure the equilibrium and stability of each unit at all times.
At these locations, the foundation of the terminal is strengthened more so than at areas of non-contact due to the larger forces imparted on the structure.
[1] Parameters for cranes and inter-modal cargo transport facilities considered in detailed design are quantities, size limit, power requirement, handling capacity, handling speed, cost, load to land limit, and other working environment constraints.
[14] In the ports, operating systems and personnel development are based on skills acquired through experience, which is easily undertaken in advanced industrial environments.
Security is the process or means, physical or human, of delaying, preventing, and otherwise protecting against external or internal defects, dangers, loss, criminals, and other individuals or actions.
Logistics is the general supply chain of how resources are acquired, stored and transported to their final destination.
