The epithet cinerea comes from the Latin word for ash, by reference to the color of the epidermis.

This cactus is globular, fleshy, and perennial, then columnar up to 1 m (3.3 ft) tall, 20 cm (7.9 in) in diameter, with 30 ribs.

Typical of this species, and characteristic, is the production of a white-colored waxy cuticle, for which the plants in its habitat are decidedly white-grey in color, hence the specific epithet.

Its thorns can assume different colors, depending on the populations, however Copiapoa cinerea is generally black or dark brown.

Before all, it needs well drained soils and to be planted in a sunny place, but protection against excessive sun in summer.