Copper Hoard culture

Copper Hoard culture describes find-complexes which mainly occur in the western Ganges–Yamuna doab in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent.

They occur in hoards large and small, and are dated to the first half of the 2nd millennium BCE,[1][note 1][2] although very few derive from controlled and dateable excavation contexts.

[7] Four regional find-groups are identifiable with their characteristic find-types: Of the four find groups, the largest number derives from southern Haryana, especially from Hansi, 120 km west of Delhi [11] These are purchases and are not excavated.

Artifacts from Al-Aqir, Oman, Lothal, Gujarat and Kallur, Karnataka also comprise other finding spots of the copper hoard culture.

[2] Asko Parpola associates the copper hoards with a first wave of Indo-Iranian migration into the Indian subcontinent, who reached farther east than the later Vedic Aryans.

[citation needed] Considering the find circumstances and constituent hoard patterns, Yule found no evidence for a functional use, but interprets them as ritualistic objects.

[18][2][19] P. Kuznetsov also associates this artefact with the vajra of Indra, noting similarities with a symbolic cudgel-scepter found in a burial of the Yamnaya culture of the Eurasian steppes.

[20] Zin acknowledges the possibility that CHC-objects may be related to Indo-European culture, stating "Falk’s identification of the vajra as a bar-celt seems to be the right one; the Avestan word vazra means a ‘hammer’.

Anthropomorphic figures . Chalcolithic , Ganges–Yamuna basin , 2800 – 1500 BCE . Provenance: Bisauli (212 km from New Delhi), Badaun district , Uttar Pradesh
Cemetery H , Late Harappan , OCP , Copper Hoard and Painted Grey ware sites.
Indus Valley Civilization, Late Phase (1900-1300 BCE)
Archaeological cultures associated with Indo-Iranian migrations (after EIEC ). The Andronovo , BMAC and Yaz cultures have often been associated with Indo-Iranian migrations. Some connection with the Copper Hoard culture is possible.