It first was founded as a house of penitent women, and became an Order of Poor Clares Observant Franciscan convent in 1431.
She served as the Mother Superior, mistress of novices, teaching about 100 women to become pious nuns.
She was also an artist who illuminated her own breviary and is said to have decorated the walls of the convent with images of the Christ Child.
On its high altar is Communion of the Apostles by Giambettino Cignaroli (1768), whilst the church's ceiling fresco Glory of Saint Catherina Vegri is by Giuseppe Ghedini (1770–1773).
One of their abbesses was the daughter of Lucrezia Borgia, Leonara d'Este, now recognised as one of the earliest writers of polyphonic choral music for women.