She was the eldest daughter of William of Nassau, Prince of Orange and his third spouse Charlotte de Bourbon-Montpensier.

Louise Juliana was nevertheless constantly pregnant, giving birth to eight children in just eight years; five of them lived to adulthood.

She arranged for her children to be raised by her sister Elisabeth in the principality of Sedan, where they could be shielded from their father and given a Calvinist upbringing.

[3] After the death of her husband in 1610, she took part in the regency government in the name of her son Frederick V, known as "the Winter King."

While John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken was formally named regent, she took part in the government alongside him.