Crowned republic

The term "crowned republic" has been used by a small number of authors (below) to informally describe governments such as Australia and the United Kingdom, although these countries are usually classed as constitutional monarchies.

For example, James Bryce wrote in 1921: By Monarchy I understand the thing not the Name i.e. not any State the head of which is called King or Emperor, but one in which the personal will of the monarch is constantly effective, and in the last resort predominant, factor of government.

This office being hereditary, and being possessed of such ample and splendid prerogatives, is no objection to the government’s being a republic, as long as it is bound by fixed laws, which the people have a voice in making, and a right to defend.

[5] Australian founding father Richard Chaffey Baker did not use the term "crowned republic" but has been identified as one of the first to articulate this view.

[6] H. G. Wells (1866–1946) used the term in his book A Short History of the World to describe the United Kingdom,[7] as did Alfred, Lord Tennyson in 1873 in an epilogue to Idylls of the King.

[11] In 2021, the concept of a crowned republic was proposed in the context of the European Union as a possible means to bridge the differences between the federal and confederal aspects of the EU's framework.

In the Cold War, the West propped up tyrants while the Soviet Union supported one-party Marxist-Leninist states.

The West implemented a new global neoliberal agenda tying World Bank and International Monetary Fund aid to compliance with multiparty elections and political freedoms.

A 1871 caricature of the French president Adolphe Thiers by Touchatout , alluding to his 1830s defense of the July Monarchy as a “hereditary presidency”. Thiers symbolically replaces the Phrygian cap , a symbol of the French Revolution and especially of jacobinism , with a crown on a personification of Liberty commonly used as an allegory of the French Republic.