It is based on the German Mauser MG 213C, an experimental revolver cannon developed for the Luftwaffe.

The new version provided a new feed system, nichrome plated steel barrel, forged drum casing, and improved electrical reliability.

The DEFA 553 is a gas-operated five-chamber revolver cannon using pyrotechnic cocking and electrical ignition.

Barrel life and mechanical reliability are improved, and an electrical control unit allows the pilot to select two rates of fire: 1,800 rounds per minute for air-to-air use or 1,200 rounds per minute for air-to-ground attacks.

The DEFA 550 series was the standard cannon armament of all gun-armed French fighters from 1954 until the advent of the Dassault Rafale in the 1980s.