After being waived by the Cavaliers, Green played for the San Antonio Spurs, the Reno Bighorns of the NBA Developmental League, and KK Olimpija in Slovenia.

[4] In Green's junior year, he averaged 11.5 points, 4.9 rebounds, 2.0 assists, 1.9 turnovers, 1.2 steals, 1.2 blocks in 22.3 minutes per game.

[4] He was named team captain alongside Bobby Frasor and Tyler Hansbrough for the year,[5] and started every game as the Tar Heels won their fifth national championship.

[8] He ended his college career with 1,368 points for the Tar Heels,[6] and held the school's all-time record for wins, with 123.

As of 2009, Green was also the only player in the history of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) with at least 1,000 points, 500 rebounds, 250 assists, 150 three-pointers, 150 blocks and 150 steals.

[16] In August 2011, Green signed a one-year contract with KK Union Olimpija, which included an NBA-out clause option when the 2011 NBA lockout ended.

Green became the starting shooting guard for the Spurs when Manu Ginóbili returned to being the sixth man in the rotation.

[19] In his first game of the season, he scored 9 points and added 2 blocks in San Antonio's win over the New Orleans Hornets.

On February 6, 2013, Green recorded career highs of 28 points and 8 three-pointers made in a win over the Minnesota Timberwolves.

In doing so, Green joined Michael Jordan and James Worthy as the third Tar Heel to win both the NCAA and NBA championship.

On December 19, 2014, Green scored a season-high 27 points in the 119–129 triple overtime loss to the Portland Trail Blazers.

[31] On January 6, 2016, Green hit two three-pointers against the Utah Jazz, giving him 662 with San Antonio to surpass Bruce Bowen (661) for second in franchise history.

[32] On November 9, 2016, Green made his season debut for San Antonio, scoring eight points against the Houston Rockets in his return from a strained left quadriceps.

[35] On July 18, 2018, Green and teammate Kawhi Leonard were traded to the Toronto Raptors in exchange for DeMar DeRozan, Jakob Pöltl and a protected 2019 first round draft pick.

[37] On December 14, he had 19 points and 11 rebounds while matching his season high with five three-pointers in a 128–122 loss to the Portland Trail Blazers.

[38] On January 19, he had a season-high 24 points and set a franchise record for three-pointers in a quarter with seven in the third, as the Raptors beat the Memphis Grizzlies 119–90.

[44] Green and teammate LeBron James became the third and fourth players in league history to win a championship with three different teams, joining John Salley and Robert Horry.

[45][46] On November 18, 2020, Green, along with the draft rights to Jaden McDaniels, was traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder in exchange for Dennis Schröder.

[47] On December 8, Green, Terrance Ferguson and Vincent Poirier were traded to the Philadelphia 76ers for Al Horford, the draft rights of Théo Maledon and Vasilije Micić, and a 2025 first-round pick.

[49] On May 12, 2022, during game 6 of the 76ers' second-round series against the Miami Heat, Green suffered a left knee injury in a 99–90 loss, due to a collision with his teammate Joel Embiid.

[51][52] On February 1, 2023, Green made his Grizzlies debut, putting up three points in 10 minutes played in a 122–112 loss to the Portland Trail Blazers.

[64] A third cousin, Willie Green, played for the University of Detroit Mercy and then in the NBA, and later became the head coach of New Orleans Pelicans.