In 1994, graduated from the Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan State University with a degree in history and attended the Academy of Public Administration from 1996 to 1997.

From 1995 to 1997, he was a 1st category specialist, leading specialist of the Language Committee under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan, leading, chief specialist of the State Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan on national policy, deputy head of the department of coordination of language policy of the Ministry of Education and Culture of Kazakhstan.

In 2004, Kaletaev became the head of the socio-political department of the Office of Internal Policy of the Administration of the President.

From November 2009 to October 2016, Kaletaev served as the Managing Director of the National Welfare Fund Samruk-Kazyna.

[2] On 4 April 2018, Kaletaev was appointed as the Minister for Religious Affairs and Civil Society, until it was reorganized on 29 June 2018 to Ministry of Social Development.