Debris fallout

Debris lofted by stronger tornadoes has been known to travel significant distances, upwards of 200 mi (320 km) on rare occasions.

Debris fallout events can be detected on radar using dual polarization products, notably correlation coefficient.

[4] Charles E. Anderson completed the first study focusing on debris fallout on the F5 1984 Barneveld tornado, which produced a large survey revealing a trail of paper debris as wide as 23 mi (37 km) at 110 mi (180 km) from Barneveld and a roughly 85 mi (137 km) long path of heavy debris (>1 lb (0.45 kg)).

[5] A 1993 analysis by Thomas P. Grazulis of 12,651 tornadoes found only 86 had reports of debris being transported over 5 mi (8.0 km) from its origin.

[2] The height of a tornado debris signature is positively and non-linearly correlated with the speed of updraft winds, which is likely compounded by fallout.