[1] The museum also holds many objects found by international teams of archaeologists at sites in the Upper Khabur area, such as Tell Beydar, Tell Brak, Tell Leilan and Tell Mozan.

The Euphrates Valley southeast of Deir ez-Zor is represented with objects from the Classical site of Dura-Europos, which was once a border city of the Roman Empire.

[2] The collection is organized around five chronological themes: prehistory, ancient Syria (late fourth to first millennium BCE), the Classical period, the Islamic era and ethnography.

It includes a number of life-size reconstructions of buildings from different periods, including a house from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B site of Bouqras in the Euphrates Valley, an Early Bronze Age city-gate from Tell Bderi on the Khabur River, the southern façade with wall paintings of the "Court of the Palms" of Zimri-Lim's palace in Mari and the gate of the Islamic Qasr al-Heer al-Sharqi.

[2] In 2015, the collection was allegedly removed from the museum by the Syrian Army in view of increased ISIS encroachments in Deir ez Zor.