Many of these rules and recommendations were presented together with practical examples showing how assembly difficulty could be improved.
For more complicated motions, a point-loss standard is used and the ease of assembly of the whole product is evaluated by subtracting points lost.
Starting in 1981, Geoffrey Boothroyd and Peter Dewhurst developed a computerized version of the DFA method which allowed its implementation in a broad range of companies.
For example, in 1981, Sidney Liebson, manager of manufacturing engineering for Xerox, estimated that his company would save hundreds of millions of dollars through the application of DFA.
[5][6][7][8][9] Two notable examples of good design for assembly are the Sony Walkman and the Swatch watch.
The Walkman line was designed for "vertical assembly", in which parts are inserted in straight-down moves only.
[citation needed] The IBM Proprinter used design for automated assembly (DFAA) rules.