[4] In many fields (e.g., very-large-scale integration (VLSI) and nanoelectronics) X may represent several traits or features including: manufacturability, power, variability, cost, yield, or reliability.
The design guidelines usually propose an approach and corresponding methods that may help to generate and apply technical knowledge to control, improve, or even invent particular traits of a product.
There exists a wide range of specialized fields of engineering, and considering the whole life cycle of a product will require non-engineering expertise.
Through engineering design physical interfaces between a) parts or components or assemblies of the product and b) the manufacturing equipment and the logistical material flow systems can be changed, and thus cost reducing effects in operating the latter may be achieved.
However, in case of capital goods design for ergonomics is needed to ensure clarity, simplicity, and safety between the human-machine interface.
In business-to-business (B2B) markets, capital goods are usually ordered, or respectively business transaction are initiated, at industrial trade fairs.
The functional traits of capital goods in technical terms are assumed generally as fulfilled across all exhibiting competitors.
For consumer durables the aspect of after sales highly depends on the business unit's strategy in terms of service offerings, therefore generally statements are not possible to formulate.