Detonation nanodiamond

After the synthesis, diamond is extracted from the soot using high-temperature high-pressure (autoclave) boiling in acid for a long period (c. 1–2 days).

Various measurements, including X-ray diffraction[1] and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,[2] revealed that the size of the diamond grains in the soot is distributed around 5 nm.

Diamond nanocrystals can also be synthesized from a suspension of graphite in organic liquid at atmospheric pressure and room temperature using ultrasonic cavitation.

[6] A research group from Case Western Reserve University produced nanodiamonds 2–5 nm in size at near-ambient conditions by a microplasma process.

Commercial products based on nanodiamonds are available for the following applications: Nanomaterials can shuttle chemotherapy drugs to cells without producing the negative effects of today's delivery agents.