Varieties of French
Levantine French was also spoken by Sephardic Jews in Salonica, Istanbul and Smyrna, by Armenians and Greek bourgeois in the urban centres of Asia Minor, by Syrian Catholics and Melkites in Aleppo and Beirut.
French is an administrative language and is commonly but unofficially used in the Maghreb states, Mauritania, Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia.
[2] While there are many varieties of African French, common features include the use of an alveolar trill and use of borrowed words from local languages.
Many dialects of French found in the continent of Africa are highly influenced by the native languages that are spoken in each respective country.
[3] Many of these linguistic differences are influenced, either directly or indirectly, by the various native African languages spoken in the Ivory Coast.
Concerning the phonetics and phonology of Ivorian French, it is not uncommon for the nasal [ɑ̃] phoneme to be produced as [ɑ], specifically at the start of a word while the palato-alveolar fricatives [ʒ] and [ʃ] often possess a degree of difficulty in their pronunciation.
[4] Acadian French is a variant of French spoken by Francophone Acadians in the Canadian Maritime provinces, the Saint John River Valley in the northern part of the U.S. state of Maine, the Magdalen Islands and Havre-Saint-Pierre, along the St. Lawrence's north shore.
Chiac is a dialect of combined Acadian French and English and is spoken mainly around Moncton, New Brunswick.
Chiac French has developed through proximity to English-speakers who settled nearby during the colonial period.
Some forms of Chiac deviate from the original language to the extent that it is nearly incomprehensible to the larger Francophone community.
Chiac is perhaps best categorized as a creole language alongside Haitian Creole and Louisiana Creole, French dialects that incorporate Indigenous, African, and other European languages, as opposed to dialects such as Québécois and Brayon that deviate slightly from Metropolitan French but are nonetheless derived primarily from earlier dialects of French with little contribution from other source languages.
Further south, the French is closer to the global standard, with a more English cultural influence as well as a more Parisian grammar and dialect structure.
Notable features include [ɪ], [ʏ], and [ʊ] as allophones of /i/, /y/, and /u/ in closed syllables and affrication of /t/ and /d/ to [t͡s] and [d͡z] before /i/ and /y/ (the word tu is pronounced [t͡sy]).
Louisiana also has a French-language society called CODOFIL (Conseil pour le développement du français en Louisiane) and cultural institutions dedicated to preserving French such as the Nous Foundation and Alliance Française of New Orleans.
Cambodian French is still used as a second language in some schools, universities and government offices, but most of the younger generations and members of the business world choose to learn English.
It goes back to the French colonization of Indochina despite a decline in the language after the country's independence and the communist takeover.
[9] In addition, the Laotian élite and the elderly population speak French, which is the diplomatic language of Laos.
Notable features include a strong distinction between long and short vowels, the lack of the approximant /ɥ/, and the use of certain Belgicisms.
It contains some influence from Yiddish, Israeli Hebrew as well as Judeo-Arabic from Maghrebi Jews who moved to France after being expelled from North Africa.
