The Dominican Republic Olympic Committee (Spanish: Comité Olímpico Dominicano, COD) sent the nation's largest delegation to the Games.

Among the sports played by the athletes, Dominican Republic marked its Olympic debut in artistic gymnastics.

Felix Sánchez also managed to repeat his gold medal streak from Athens in the men's 400 m hurdles event.

Gabriel Mercedes, being the only medalist to return for his second Olympic appearance, was the nation's flag bearer at the opening ceremony.

Gabriel Mercedes has ensured a quota place for the Dominican Republic in the men's 58 kg by reaching the top 3 of the 2011 WTF World Qualification Tournament.