In 1964, it was named after Cipto Mangunkusumo, an Indonesian independence leader and Sukarno's political mentor.

RSCM provides primary, secondary, and tertiary care and acts as a national referral center for government hospitals.

[1] In 1851, the colonial Dutch East Indies governments established a medical assistant school that operated for two years.

The degree conferred was Javanese Doctor, as the graduates were certified to practice only in the Dutch East Indies, especially Java.

In 1964, after Indonesia's independence, the name changed to Rumah Sakit Tijpto Mangunkusumo (RSTM), now RSCM, to match the Indonesian language.