Dubuque is an unincorporated community in Barton and Russell Counties in the U.S. state of Kansas.

Polish immigrants from Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin first settled the area after the American Civil War.

A rural post office named Dubuque opened in 1879, and the village was formally established in 1887.

Devout Catholics, the local townsfolk built their first church in the early 1870s.

The community is served by Central Plains USD 112 public school district.