[2] The township lies in the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains.

[5] The Smoky Hill River runs in and out of the township, winding back and forth across its northern border.

[6] According to the United States Census Bureau, Lincoln Township comprises an area of 36.13 square miles (93.6 km2), all of it land.

One unincorporated community, Milberger, is located in the southwestern part of the township.

The racial makeup of the township was 96.7% White, 2.0% Native American, 0.7% Asian, and 0.7% from two or more races.

[10] Milberger Road, a paved county road, zigzags west and south from its junction with U.S. 281 in the north of the township, running north–south through Milberger before turning west along the county line and exiting the township.