It was created in 1501 by the Apostolic authority of Pope Alexander VI and the cardinal council[1] for Cesare Borgia, Duke of Valentinois, after his conquest of Romagna, Urbino, and Camerino.

[2] The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis divided Romagna between the Farnese family, the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, the House of Este of Ferrara, the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, and the Papal States, this last remained with most part of Romagna and with the total authority inside Papal States.

However, after joining the unification of Italy in 1860, Romagna did not receive a separate status by the Savoy monarchs, who were afraid of dangerous destabilization.

In the present day the region of the ancient dukedom of Romagna is part of Emilia-Romagna inside the Republic of Italy.

According to the laws of the Italian Republic, the titles of nobility of Italy ceased to exist with the fall of the monarchical regime.