Dunkelflaute

[5] Unlike a typical anticyclone, dunkelflauten are associated not with clear skies, but with very dense cloud cover (0.7–0.9), consisting of stratus, stratocumulus, and fog.

[6] In the north of Europe, dunkelflauten originate from a static high-pressure system that causes an extremely weak wind combined with overcast weather with stratus or stratocumulus clouds.

[20][21][8][22] Long-term solutions include designing electricity markets to incentivise clean power which is available when needed.

[19] A group of countries is following on from Mission Innovation to work together to solve the problem in a clean, low-carbon way by 2030, including looking into carbon capture and storage and the hydrogen economy as possible parts of the solution.

[26] Kittel et al. indicate the years 1996–1997 as particularly bad example of the VRE drought, they call for an additional EU-wide energy storage of 50 to 170 TWh (on top of current projections) to accommodate a series of events of this magnitude.