E. C. Stoner (physicist)

Edmund Clifton Stoner FRS (2 October 1899 – 27 December 1968) was a British theoretical physicist.

[3][4][5][6][7][8] Stoner made significant contributions to the electron configurations in the periodic table.

He won a scholarship to Bolton School (1911–1918) and then attended Emmanuel College, Cambridge, graduating with a degree in natural sciences in 1921.

[12] After graduation, he worked at the Cavendish Laboratory on the absorption of X-rays by matter and electron energy levels; his 1924 paper on this subject prefigured the Pauli exclusion principle.

Starting in 1938, he developed the collective electron theory of ferromagnetism.

He did some early work in astrophysics and independently computed the (Chandrasekhar) limit for the mass of a white dwarf[16] one year before Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar in 1931.

[17] Stoner calculation was based on earlier work from Wilhelm Anderson on the Fermi gas[18] and on earlier observations of Ralph H. Fowler on white dwarfs.

[21] These equations were also previously published by the Soviet physicist Yakov Frenkel in 1928.

This happens if the relative gain in exchange interaction (the interaction of electrons via the Pauli exclusion principle) is larger than the loss in kinetic energy.

The Stoner parameter which is a measure of the strength of the exchange correlation is denoted