East Pennsboro is the second most populous municipality in Cumberland County, after neighboring Hampden Township.

East Pennsboro is located along the western banks of the Susquehanna River, across from Harrisburg.

The township's natural northern boundary is the crest of Blue Mountain, which separates it from Perry County.

Conodoguinet Creek makes several large bends across the southern part of the township before entering the Susquehanna between West Fairview and Wormleysburg.

Average monthly temperatures in West Fairview range from 30.2 °F in January to 75.2 °F in July.

[5] The average annual absolute minimum temperature in West Fairview is 0.3 °F.

In addition, the Central Pennsylvania College is located in East Pennsboro Township.