Elsie Margaret Binger Naumburg (July 7, 1880 – November 25, 1953) was an American ornithologist.
Naumburg was born to a Jewish family in New York City, the daughter of Frances (née Newgass) and Gustav Binger.
On returning to the United States she joined the staff of the Bird Department at the American Museum of Natural History, under Frank Chapman.
Naumburg's most important work was on the birds of the Mato Grosso, based on collections made by George Kruck Cherrie during the Roosevelt–Rondon Scientific Expedition led by Theodore Roosevelt and Cândido Rondon.
She later employed Emil Kaempfer to collect birds in southeastern Brazil.