First opened in 1947, it is currently located along the Via Aurelia in the quarter (quartiere) of Aurelio, part of Municipio XIII in western Rome, just west of Vatican City.

[6] Renovation contracts were awarded on November 25, 2019 to four companies: EffePi Costruzioni, KLF Italia, Edil Domus and Inotech Licht,[7] and after over a year of renovation work the chancery was inaugurated on June 27, 2021 by Foreign Affairs Secretary Teodoro Locsin Jr. along with other dignitaries and embassy officials, and blessed by Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle, Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

[10] Located across from the Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy and neighboring the General House of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, the current chancery replaces the previous chancery located along Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro in the neighboring quarter of Balduina, part of Municipio XIV.

[13] In contrast to the previous chancery, where no additional space could be added as the property's lot area had already been maximized,[11] the current chancery contains a spacious consular area and is designed for both accessibility and energy efficiency, with the space said to be more conducive to the embassy's ability to provide consular services and conduct diplomacy and cultural promotion work.

[15] The Philippine Embassy in Rome is currently headed by Ambassador Nathaniel G. Imperial, who was named to the position by President Bongbong Marcos on September 1, 2022.

[21] Known for his work in supporting the Filipino community in Italy during his long tenure,[22] his recall was not without controversy as The Philippine Star criticized his hasty replacement at the end of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's presidency with Representative Antonio Cuenco of Cebu City's 2nd congressional district, who ultimately was not appointed to the position.

On the one hand, it has also been criticized for its delivery of services: in 2012, OFWs protested the embassy's application of increased passport renewal fees which were said to be in violation of directives coming from the DFA,[34] while in 2016, OFW groups petitioned the DFA for the recall of ambassador Domingo Nolasco because of actions they felt were "inimical" to the interest of Filipinos in Italy.