Endoplasmic reticulum stress in beta cells

They are therefore particularly sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR).

ER stress in peripheral cells has also been linked to insulin resistance,[3] a precursor to type 2 diabetes.

Causes such as defective protein processing[4] and trafficking [5] or inappropriate calcium regulation [6] are likely in lipid-mediated ER stress.

[7] All three of the pathways involved in the resolution of ER stress by the unfolded protein response (UPR) are also related to inflammation.

[12] XBP1 mRNA cleavage leads to the translation of a transcription factor for genes that resolve ER stress.