Entosis

[2] Entotic cells, also referred to as cell-in-cell structures, are triggered by loss of attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM).

[3] Aneuploidy, a condition in which nondisjunction gives rise to gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes,[4] is one of the most prevalent phenotypes of human tumors.

The underlying cause of aneuploidy remains highly debated; however, entosis is shown to perturb cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division) and trigger the formation of aneuploid cells.

[1] This would be in line with past research, as cell-in-cell structures have been widely observed in the focused study of many human tumors, including lung, breast, and endometrial stromal carcinomas.

[2] Cancer cells adaptively avoid apoptosis, allowing them to live and multiply indefinitely, making it difficult to design drugs that effectively kill tumors.

The process is initiated when epithelial cells form adherens junctions , this is followed by the generation of actomyosin-contractility.

[6] Entosis has been found to be a different mechanism for cancer cells to form cell-in-cell structures at tumor sites.

In this mechanism, autophagy pathway proteins play an important role by scavenging extracellular nutrients derived from the inner cell death.