Equal pay for equal work
In recent years European trade unions have generally exerted pressure on states and employers to progress in this direction.
[17] At the national level the principle of equal pay is in general fully reflected in the legislation of the 28 EU member states and the additional countries of the European Economic Area (EEA), Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.
[18] The main national legislation concerning pay equity between men and women for different European countries is as follows.
Women started entering more factory jobs when World War II began to replace men who were enlisted in the military.
The National War Labor Board put policies in place to help provide equal pay for women who were directly replacing men.
5056, "Prohibiting Discrimination in Pay on Account of Sex", was introduced by Congresswoman Winifred C. Stanley of Buffalo, New York, on June 19, 1944.
Title VII of this act makes it unlawful to discriminate based on a person's race, religion, color, or sex.
[29] Title VII attacks sex discrimination more broadly than the Equal Pay Act extending not only to wages but to compensation, terms, conditions or privileges of employment.
[30] Since Congress was debating this bill at the same time that the Equal Pay Act was coming into effect, there was concern over how these two laws would interact, which led to the passage of Senator Bennett's Amendment.
[33][34] This builds on the 1944 law by prohibiting employers from asking job candidates about their previously salary, a loophole that has had a history of enforcing pay inequality based on gender.
[33] Cuomo signed the law in tandem with the 2019 Women's World Cup victory parade in New York City.
Hay Associates proved that in the 19 years since the Equal Pay Act was passed, wage discrimination persisted and had even increased over from 1976 to 1981.
[41] Using their point system, they noted that while delivery van drivers and clerk typists were both scaled with 117 points each of "worth" to the state, the delivery van driver (a male-dominated profession) was paid $1,382 a month while the clerk typist (a female dominated profession) was paid $1,115 a month.
[42] The study also noted that women were severely underrepresented in manager and professional positions, and that state jobs were often segregated by sex.
[46] Governor Baker sought change in the current system after recognizing that women in their respective fields, on average, were making 76 cents on the dollar compared to men doing the same job.
[49][50] In order to be protected, there needs to be proven record of efforts made to close the disparity in pay before they become liable for double of the discriminated employee's lost wages.
Women and men participated in protests, calling the government to fix the 1951 convention and make equal pay the law in Australia.
Pay equality is required by law in each of Canada's 14 legislative jurisdictions (ten provinces, three territories, and the federal government).
As part of its Directive Principles of State Policy, the Constitution of India through Article 39 envisages that all states ideally direct their policy towards securing equal pay for equal work for both men and women, and also ensuring that men and women have the right to an adequate means of livelihood.
[60][61] The Supreme Court of India has also declared this to be a constitutional goal, available to every individual and capable of being attained through the enforcement of their fundamental rights set out in Articles 14 through 16.
The terms of employment required the mandatory retirement of females: (i) upon attaining the age of 33; (ii) if they were married within four years of service; or (iii) upon their first pregnancy.
This legislation not only provides women with a right to demand equal pay, but any inequality with respect to recruitment processes, job training, promotions, and transfers within the organization can also be challenged under this Act.
The law prescribes that employers shall not discriminate against employees because of their gender or sexual orientation in the case of paying wages.
believe that government actions to correct gender pay disparity serve to interfere with the system of voluntary exchange.
[71][72] However, the Independent Women's Forum cites another study that prognosticates the wage gap possibly disappearing "when controlled for experience, education, and number of years on the job".
[73] [74] According to the Washington Center for Equitable Growth using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, occupations that are more male dominated tend to be paid better regardless of skill or education level.
A number of jurisdictions in the United States have enacted laws which require employers to furnish salary ranges per role on job advertisements.
He started a website, coloradoexcluded.com, which found hundreds of companies, including Nike, Airbnb, Spotify, and PETA, were excluding Colorado from hiring to avoid posting salary ranges.
[88] SB 5761 expanded the salary range requirement to all Washington job postings, and was signed into law on March 30, 2022, effective January 1, 2023.
[89] Scarlett called on the states of New York and California to enact similar laws to end the exclusion of Colorado workers from job postings.
