The Estonian Olympic Committee sent a total of 42 athletes, 31 men and 11 women, competing only in 11 different sports.

Rower Jüri Jaanson participated in his fifth Olympics under two different banners (the other one with the Soviet Union) as the most experienced member of the contingent.

[1] Estonia left Athens with the same number of medals (3) collected from the previous games, but failed to earn a single gold.

After finishing farther from the podium in four consecutive Olympics, Jaanson ended his medal drought by taking home the silver in the men's single sculls.

[2] Two bronze medals were awarded to discus thrower Aleksander Tammert and heavyweight judoka Indrek Pertelson, who managed to repeat it from Sydney.