[3] E. intermedius acts as an important agricultural agent due to its improvement of soil quality and removal of parasitic pests.

[4] E. intermedius exhibits sexual dimorphism, with males possessing blunt, curved horns that females do not.

Males also possess thinner, curvier fore tibia and more swollen anterior dorsal portions as compared to females.

[3] These beetles are generally distributed throughout the entirety of the geographical regions in which they are found but are more prevalent in areas associated with livestock or pastures.

Though attracted to fresher dung, these beetles are able to undergo their entire life cycle using dry feces under drought conditions.

These beetles are able to produce high brood numbers under the wilting point but can also resorb ovarian oocytes under stressful conditions.

[3] E. intermedius's high tolerance for extreme conditions and avoidance of competition with other dung beetle species have allowed it to act as a successful invader and spread to regions with a variety of climates.

[8] As beetles, E. intermedius undergoes complete metamorphosis with egg, larval, pupal, and adult states.

[5] Adult beetles then spend the majority of their time feeding on and tunneling in their dung pad as they sexually mature.

E. intermedius are categorized as paracoprids, or tunnelers, meaning that they construct burrows underneath dung pads in which to store brood masses.

The number of brood masses created vary based on dung quality and quantity, intraspecies and interspecies conflict, and environmental conditions, such as temperature and moisture.

[4] E. intermedius produces brood masses consisting of a dung shell surrounding an egg chamber.

Studies were conducted to correlate fighting ability with physical attributes of these beetles, taking into account features such as horn zine and body size.

In competitions between males, the strength to drag their opponent out of tunnels and the endurance to withstand exhaustion were key skills that beetles must display in order to emerge victorious in fights.

While body length is only a good predictor for the pulling force of the beetle, horn size can be used as a more accurate and reliable indicator of performance in both these areas.

[13] E. intermedius has been intentionally introduced to ecosystems in the United States and Australia for their positive contributions to agriculture.

Studies explored the survival, fecundity, and development of this species after ivermectin was introduced to cattle dung.

Researchers found that adult survival was reduced to nearly 50% and eventually reached total mortality at greater concentrations.

Upon closer inspection, it was noted that ivermectin didn't impact the ovary, but increased testicle size and reduced the fecundity and weight of the broods.

Further research involving the impact of ivermectin on E. intermedius and its surroundings are vital to understanding the implications of its use in agriculture.