[1] It provides an alternative explanation for extinction, which is due to misadaptation rather than failure to adapt.
Selection on individuals can theoretically produce adaptations that threaten the survival of the population.
[4] The idea is similar in concept to the tragedy of the commons and the tendency of the rate of profit to fall, namely that they are all examples of an accumulation of individual changes leading to a collective disaster such that it negates those individual changes.
Many adaptations have apparently negative effects on population dynamics, for example infanticide by male lions, or the production of toxins by bacteria.
However, empirically establishing that an extinction event was unambiguously caused by the process of adaptation is not a trivial task.