Advice (opinion)

[1] In psychology, seminal articles include Brehmer and Hagafors (1986), Hollenbeck et al. (1995), and Sniezek and Buckley (1995).

[2][3][4] The Sniezek and Buckley (1995) and Hollenbeck et al. (1995) articles, in particular, introduced researchers to standardized ways of studying advice in the laboratory.

[6][7] Much research has focused on gender differences (and similarities) in the provision and receipt of supportive communication.

In the social sciences in general, and in psychological research in particular, advice has typically been defined as a recommendation to do something.

In complex, longterm projects it is not uncommon for the advisor to help by doing part of the work themself (interactive consultancy).

[13] The advisors role can also take a didactic form, when the client is not familiar with suggested (statistical) methods.

Clients may also seek advice on the construction of a measurement instrument (for instance a psychological test).

By combining their expertise and, through dialog and cooperation, researcher and consultant may achieve better, more reliable results.