Caro was born in Pinne, Grand Duchy of Posen, in 1844.
[2] Subsequently, he graduated as doctor of philosophy at the University of Heidelberg.
He was at first rabbi of the German-Jewish community of Lodz, Poland, and then at Mewe, western Prussia.
[4][2] Caro's works include Ausgewählte Gelegenheitsreden (Danzig, 1874), Ein Vierteljahrhundert städtischer Verwaltung (Dirschau, 1880), Geschichte der Juden in Lemberg bis zur Theilung Polens (Cracow, 1894), as well as many sermons and essays in Moritz Rahmer [de]'s Jüdisches Litteratur-Blatt [de].
He left Lemberg for Vienna with the outbreak of World War I in 1914, dying there the following December.