Fault scarp

Bluffs can form from upthrown blocks and can be very steep, as in the case of Pakistan's coastal cliffs.

[8] The height of the scarp formation tends to be defined in terms of the vertical displacement along the fault.

Adjacent V-shaped valley formations give the remaining fault spurs a very triangular shape.

[16] Fault-line scarps are typically formed due to the differential erosion of weaker rocks along a fault.

Such erosion, occurring over long time periods, may shift a physical cliff far from the actual fault location, which may be buried beneath a talus, alluvial fan or filled-in valley sediments.