When the thirteen colonies separated from Great Britain, they instated a national government under the framework outlined by the Articles of Confederation.

"[1] However, the Articles of Confederation did not prove to be effective, so in 1786, leaders called a meeting dubbed the Annapolis Convention to discuss the issues of the government.

Three delegates, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, recognized this hesitancy and took it upon themselves to defend and explicate the meaning and benefits of the Constitution.

Therefore, in this essay, he consolidates his argument by simply defining the two government forms, referring the readers to "preceding papers".

Without leadership, instability is almost definite which then provides an opportunity for an individual to rise up and establish a monarchial form of government in which a single person has absolute power.

These two aspects make certain that no one group or person within the government obtains too much control or power, thereby invalidating Clinton's concerns.

Madison supports his point by bringing down that since the first assembly of the colonial delegates at the Continental Congress on September 5, 1774 to the Constitutional Convention in 1787, representatives have been meeting without issue.

An anti-Federalist labeled "Federal Farmer" published an essay, "Federal Farmer II," on October 9, 1787 exclaiming that "it would be impossible to collect a representation of the parts of the country five, six, and seven hundred miles from the seat of the government" with the "extensive [size of the] country.

"[7] Madison goes through "the [territorial] limits, as fixed by the treaty of peace" by stating exact degrees at which the borders lie and computing the distances.

Madison brings down that the size of the Union is only slightly larger than Germany and Poland, before its disintegration, both of which regularly has/had successful conventions of their "national diet."

He then explains that Great Britain, although smaller in size, because it is an island, the distance in which a representative must travel for a Parliament meeting is far greater than necessary in the Union.

Madison responded to this and to similar complaints by remarking that once the Union is established, transportation improvements will be made ranging from shortening of roads, the construction of interstate canals, to bettering traveler's accommodations.