Federico I Gonzaga (25 June 1441 – 14 July 1484) was marquis of Mantua from 1478 to 1484, as well as a condottiero.

Federico was born in Mantua in 1441, son of Ludovico III and Barbara of Brandenburg.

Federico continued to fight as a condottiero, and during his frequent absences Mantua was administered by Eusebio Malatesta, while the local army was under his brother-in-law, Francesco Secco d'Aragona.

Federico took part in numerous actions in defence of the Duchy of Milan, in particular against the aggressive Republic of Venice.

Federico died in Mantua at the age of 43, and was buried in the church of Sant'Andrea.