Fernando Librado

Kitsepawit, more commonly known as Fernando Librado[A] (c. August 20, 1839 – June 19, 1915), was a Chumash elder, master tomol builder, craft specialist, and storyteller.

[1] He is most notable for his knowledge of Chumash culture and language (especially of the Ventureño, Cruzeño, and Purisimeño), Indigenous experiences at Spanish mission in California, particularly in the post-mission period,[1] his work as an informant for John Peabody Harrington,[2] and for his recording of a song of Juana Maria on a wax cylinder.

[3] His parents, Mamerto Yaguiahuit and Juana Alfonsa,[1] were both born on Limuw, which the Spanish named Santa Cruz Island.

[1] However, all four of the couple's previous children, Francisca, Venancio, Geronimo Emiliano, and Juana de Dios, had died in infancy.

[1] Fernando was baptized at Mission San Buenaventura as part of a third generation of Chumash people – those who did not firsthand experience life prior to European contact, yet were very close to those who did.

Konoyo was from Wi'ma, later referred to as Santa Rosa Island, and taught Fernando much knowledge on tomol construction, that he would implement in his later life.

[1] From this cave, Librado worked at a local ranch as a craftsman, shepherd, midwife, medicine man, and physician.

[1] He would occasionally take trips to the nearby Tranquillon Mountain, which is now the site of the Vandenberg Space Force Base, to gather medicinal plants native to the area.

Librado demonstrating arrow-making in 1912. [ 2 ]
Librado's legacy lives on in the reconstruction of tomols that has been revitalized among the contemporary Chumash people . [ 6 ]