Both flow focusing and electrospray working in their most extensively used regime produce high quality sprays composed by homogeneous and well-controlled-size droplets.
The principle may be extended to two or more coaxial fluids; gases and liquids may be combined; and, depending on the geometry of the feed tube and orifices, the flow pattern may be cylindrical or planar.
Inside, one or more focused fluids are injected through a capillary feed tube whose extremity opens up in front of a small orifice, linking the pressure chamber with the exterior ambient.
The role of the tangential viscous stress is essential in establishing a steady meniscus shape in flow focusing, as illustrated in the case of a simple liquid jet surrounded by a gas.
into all X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFEL) worldwide for the determination of complex molecular structures using the Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SFX) procedure.