It is open to researchers who obtain recommendations from a member of the Institut de France.
The foundation is housed within the Hôtel Dosne-Thiers, a former home of historian Louis-Adolphe Thiers (1797–1877) built in 1873 by architect Alfred-Philibert Aldrophe (1834–1895) to replace Thiers' earlier mansion on the site, which was destroyed in the Paris Commune.
The Fondation contains a large collection of books and objets d'art assembled by Thiers, and is notable for its superb library of French history and a substantial body of Napoleonic memorabilia which may be viewed by prior request.
It holds one of the world's largest collections on the First French Empire bequeathed by the historian and academician Frédéric Masson.
All told, the library contains about 150,000 volumes, plus about 30,000 prints and cartoons, 1,000 drawings, and more than 3,000 manuscripts.