[2] The founders of the original four families are Li Sek-peng (李石朋), Robert Ho Tung (何東), Hui Oi-chow (許愛周) and Lo Cheung-shiu (羅長肇).
[1] Of these families, the Lis and the Hos and their descendants are the two most recognized by regular Hong Kong citizens today.
[15]: 46–52 The thesis was later modified and published as Chinese Family Business and the Equal Inheritance System: Unravelling the Myth in 2010.
'property/real estate hegemony'), a label made popular by Alice Poon's book Land and the Ruling Class in Hong Kong.
In her book, she lists the Lis [Ka-shing], the Kwoks [Tak-seng], the Lees [Shau-kee], the Chengs [Yu-tung], the Paos [Yue-kong] and Woos [Peter] and the Kadoories as the powerful Hong Kong families who hold sway over local "property-cum-utility/public services conglomerates".