The Matsudaira surname, along with one of the characters from the Shogun's actual name, were bestowed upon subsequent feudal lords from the 2nd daimyō Kuroda Tadayuki onwards.

In 1641, the Tokugawa shogunate made changes to the sankin kōtai system, reducing the required period of stay in Edo from alternative years to approximately three months every two years to alleviate the financial burden placed on the domain, in exchange for rotating with Saga Domain to provide security for the tenryō territory of Nagasaki.

Initially, when entering Chikuzen Prefecture, The Kuroda made Najima Castle, which was constructed by Sengoku warlord Tachibana Kanzai, as their stronghold.

It is worth noting that, following the teachings of his father, Kuroda Jōsui, who emphasized simplicity and frugality, Nagamasa did not build extravagant villas or feudal lord gardens within the domain.

His successors generally followed this practice, with the only exception being Kuroda Tsugutaka, the 6th daimyō, who built a retirement residence and a garden called Yūsentei.

As he died without heir, the 6th daimyō, Kuroda Tsugutaka was adopted from the sub-domain of Nogata, which was absorbed back into the main domain, bringing its kokudaka up to 473,000 koku.

He was also the last ruler in the direct line of succession, as the 7th daimyō, Kuroda Haruyuki was an adopted son-in-law of the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa clan, and a grandson of the 8th Shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune.

Simultaneously, the domain convinced Sanjō Sanetomi and five other kuge aristocrats supporting Chōshū to relocated to Dazaifu.

A subsequent investigation conducted by the Meiji government confirmed the accusations and revealed the involvement of the Fukuoka clan leadership as well.

As a consequence of the incident, five high-ranking former domain officials were executed as perpetrators, while ten more individuals were either imprisoned or exiled.