In 1600, his son Kuroda Nagamasa, who had distinguished himself in the Battle of Sekigahara, was transferred to Fukuoka Domain for an additional 523,100 koku.

The Okudaira clan would continue to rule Nakatsu for nine generations and 155 years until the abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures in 1871.

The eighth daimyō , Okudaira Masamoto strongly advocated restoration of the national isolation policy after the arrival of the Perry Expedition and expelled the foreigners, contradicting the idea of opening up the country of his retired grandfather Masataka, who held the real power in the domain's administration.

When Masataka died in 1855, he began reforming the domain's military, including building artillery forts.

As the Okudaira clan was a prestigious fudai daimyō clan, when the pro-Tokugawa forces were defeated at the Battle of Toba-Fushimi at the start of the Boshin War, he defected to the imperial side and dispatched forces in the Aizu War against pro-Tokugawa remnants.