Gallina

The culture was located in north-central New Mexico roughly north of the Jemez Mountains, and was named after the Rio Gallina (and Largo Canyon), which runs through the region.

[1] Evidence indicates a connection to the Rosa people, due to similar skills such as basket weaving, black on white pottery, and architecture.

[2] Artifacts from the Gallina time period are found commonly throughout the region, artifacts include vessels, and lithic tool remains such as projectile points/remnants, evidence of lithic reduction from cores and cobble, hand grinding tools such as the mono and corresponding mattata, and the prominent tri notched axe head.

The lithic materials can be traced to local stone deposits such as Jemez Mountain Obsidian and Pedernal Chert.

Some of the ceramic reusable bowls and jars share similarities with Rosa era pieces, yet there are key differences.

For instance, the wide mouth cook pots found commonly at Gallina sites are not seen among Rosa artifacts.

The Gallina are recognized for their black on white, grey utility, corrugated and basket impressed pottery designs.

[citation needed] Villages ranged from three to twenty dwellings and were generally combinations of surface structures and pit houses with north-south orientation.

[citation needed] At some point during difficult drought conditions, some members traveled from villages to camp on Canjilon Mountain in order to hunt and gather.

The dwellings and drying areas had paths leading to them that were sometimes "paved" with slabs of rock or filled in with chinking stones.

Some archaeologists who follow the belief of abandonment tend to think that this was a process designed to minimize the abilities of someone to use personal artifacts left behind in witchcraft.